Cairo
Historical Background about Cairo
Cairo city has acted as an infinite time capsule, a guardian, and a center for culture, art, and beauty for thousands of years. It is quite famous for being the capital of Egypt, and the largest metropolitan area in Africa, The Middle East, the Arab world, and the 15th largest city in the world. Cairo occupies an area of about 528 square kilometers in northern Egypt, 120 km (75 mi) west of the Gulf of Suez & Suez Canal, 165 km (100 mi) south of the Mediterranean Sea, and lies on both banks of the Nile River near the Nile delta.
Giza.
Memphis (Men-Nefer) was the capital city of the first unified Egyptian state from the days of the first pharaoh, Narmer.
Giza is most famous as the location of the Giza Plateau. the site of some of the most impressive ancient monuments in the world the site of some of the most impressive ancient monuments in the world including a complex of ancient Egyptian royal mortuary and sacred structures, including the Great Sphinx, the great pyramid of Giza, and several other large pyramids and temples. Giza has always been a focal point in Egypt’s history due to its location close to Memphis, the ancient pharaonic capital of the old kingdom.
Sakkara.
Located some 30 km (19 mi) south of modern-day Cairo, Saqqara covers an area of around 7 by 1.5 km (4.35 by 0.93 mi). At Saqqara, the oldest complete stone building complex known in history was built, the Pyramid of Djoser, built during the Third dynasty. Another sixteen Egyptian kings built pyramids at Saqqara, which are now in various states of preservation. High officials added private funeral monuments to this necropolis during the entire Pharaonic period. The step pyramid is the highlight of Saqqara monuments. it’s the oldest truly monumental stone building in history and Egypt’s old pyramid. it was commissioned by Djoser (2648_2667 B.C). the second king of the third dynasty. the genius architect was Imhotep. he designed a layout in which the step pyramid was at the center of a large funerary complex.
