The Egyptian civilization
Egyptian civilization flourished in northeastern Africa along the Nile River from around 3100 BC to 30 BC. It was one of the oldest and most sophisticated civilizations in the world, with a rich culture and a complex society. Ancient Egypt was known for its outstanding pyramids, monumental architecture, intricate hieroglyphic writing, and advanced medical knowledge.
The Egyptian civilization is very impressive, it emerged on the 2 banks of the eternal River Nile thousands of years ago which extends for a distance of 6660 km to supply life for Egypt, it is the lifeblood of Egypt.
The Nile River was the lifeblood of ancient Egypt, supplying water for irrigation, transportation, and business. The civilization was divided into two regions: Upper Egypt and Lower Egypt, which were united by the first pharaoh, Narmer, in the 31st century BC. The pharaohs were considered divine rulers with unlimited authority over all aspects of life in ancient Egypt.
One of the most amazing segments of ancient Egypt was its wonderful architecture, particularly the pyramids. These massive structures were built as tombs for the pharaohs and their consorts and were constructed using millions of limestone blocks. The most well-known of these pyramids is the Great Pyramid of Giza, which was built for the pharaoh Khufu and is the only remaining wonder of the ancient world.
Ancient Egyptian society was highly stratified, with the pharaoh at the top of the social ranking and slaves at the bottom. The middle class comprised vendors, craftspeople, and writers, who were highly respected for their skills and knowledge.
Women in ancient Egypt enjoyed a relatively high status compared to other ancient societies, and some were even able to hold positions of power, such as the pharaoh Hatshepsut.
The ancient Egyptians had a complex religious system that involved the worship of many gods and goddesses, including Ra, the sun god, and Osiris, the god of the afterlife.
They believed in the concept of Ma’at, which represented truth, justice, and order, and believed that it was the responsibility of the pharaoh to maintain Ma’at in the community.
The ancient Egyptians were also known for their advanced medical knowledge, which included techniques such as surgery, dentistry, and pharmacology. They used natural remedies such as honey and aloe vera to treat a variety of ailments and even performed complex surgical procedures such as brain surgery and limb amputation.
In conclusion, ancient Egypt was a fascinating and complex civilization that left an indelible mark on human history. Its impressive pyramids, monumental architecture, intricate hieroglyphic writing, and advanced medical knowledge continue to captivate and inspire people to this day.
The Egyptian legacy
If the universe’s wonders can be confined to a single world, if the earth can be joined to a single world, then Egyptian would be the whimsical phrase that is heard. The land of million colors across its skies with greenish lows, and magnificent highs. A land each day unfolding a new surprise. This is Egypt this is home to its children of the sun, but also home to just about anyone. A cornucopia of the diverse, from history, and geography to music, and of course Arabic verse. More than a country, this land is time and distance, where modernity mingles with relics of a once-upon-a-time place, It is elegance, a joyful dance that witnesses darkness melting into days.
Egypt Geography
Location: Northern Africa, bordering the Mediterranean Sea, between Libya and the Gaza Strip, the Red Sea north of Sudan, and the Sinai Peninsula.
Border Countries: Gaza Strip 11 km, Palestine 266 km, Libya 1,115 km, Sudan 1,273 km.
Egypt Climate: desert; hot, desert summers with average winters.
Terrain: vast desert plateau interrupted by Nile Valley and delta.
The highest point: is Mount Catherin 2,629 meters.
The Egyptian Natural sources of income:
Petroleum, natural gas, iron ore, phosphates, manganese, limestone, gypsum, talc, asbestos, lead, and zinc.
Rinsed ground: 33,000 sq km.
The Egyptians had Unique geographic, and climatic conditions, a religion centered on death, immortality, and a stable hierarchical society. The system of government shaped the world’s longest-lasting civilization in ancient Egypt. Egypt’s glory spanned more than four millennia, from around 5500 B.C.E to its conquest by the Greeks in 332 B.C.E. During this period, Egypt created stunning architectural, and artistic treasures that continue.
Lifeblood in Egypt
From the beginning, Egypt’s greatness came from the Nile, even before the first people ventured into the northeast corner of Africa. The Nile was heaven, Its waters were fresh, and its banks were fertile, The river’s annual floods washed impurities from the ground, and deposited silt rich with minerals. The People came, and settled along its borders, eventually developing strong agricultural communities.
The mildness, and predictability of the Nile’s seasons allowed the early Egyptians to flourish. Over time, they built canals, irrigation ditches, and terraced fields to control the water and increase their harvests. Farmers amassed surpluses, freeing much of the population from agricultural purposes, and allowing other professions to develop. The surplus food was also a commodity that could be traded, and using the Nile itself to transport these interests shocks us today.
civilization
The Nile figured deeply in the development of religion in Egypt. The early Egyptians were unaware of the origin of the waters that annually inundated their fields. To them, flourish could only have been supernatural. A gift of the gods” (Hagen, in the Egyptians’ eyes, the Nile was not just a river but was itself a god, called Hapi. Other gods dwelled in the river or were associated with it, The river gods Krophi and Mophi sat under the rocks and made the water flow to the God of fertility
what was the book of the dead?
The Book of the Dead was a collection of spells, and descriptions written on a papyrus roll. The papyrus was put inside a hollow statue, or sometimes wrapped within the mummy wrappings. These editions of the Book of the Dead were placed in the crypt with all the other things that the dead person would need for the afterlife.
Egyptian Book of the Dead.
It was placed in the coffin, or burial chamber of the dead, and it was part of a habit of funerary texts, It includes the earlier Pyramid texts and coffin texts which were painted onto entities, not written on papyrus. Some of the spells included in the book were drawn from these elder works, and date to the 3rd millennium BCE.
Other episodes were composed later in Egyptian history, it is dating to the 3rd Intermediate Period (11th to 7th centuries BCE). A number of the spells which make up the book continued to be individually inscribed on tomb walls, and sarcophagi, as the spells from which they originated always had been.
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